Materials Provided

• Pre-coated microtiter plate(s)
• Plate Sealers
• Wash Solution Concentrate
• Mouse Interferon Alpha (IFN-Alpha) Standard, 10,000 pg/ml
• Sample Buffer
• Concentrate Diluent
• Antibody Concentrate
• HRP Conjugate Concentrate
• Assay Diluent
• TMB Substrate Solution
• Stop Solution

Additional Materials Required (Not Provided) 

• Microplate reader capable of reading an OD at a wavelength of 450 nm
• Variable volume microtiter pipettes
• Adjustable multichannel pipette (50-300 μl)
• Reagent reservoirs
• Wash bottle or plate washing system
• Distilled or deionized water
• Serological pipettes (1, 5, 10 or 25 ml)
• Disposable pipette tips (polypropylene)
• Plate shaker

Application Note:

• Differential Biological Activities of E.coli Produced Murine IFN-α Proteins on B16-F10 Cells

Technical Note (by request)

• VeriKine Mouse Interferon Alpha ELISA Kit Use with Tissue Homogenates

Background

Interferons (IFNs) are a group of cytokines which exhibit pleitropic activities that play major roles in both innate and adaptive immunity. Type I IFNs consist of multiple IFN-α genes and at least one IFN-β gene in most vertebrates, and a few other family members such as limitin in the mouse.¹ There are 14 IFN-α subtypes in the mouse which share at least 75% identity in the protein sequence. In the human, IFN-α is used to treat viral diseases and cancer^2-4 and is studied in mouse models of these diseases.^5,6 Recent evidence has suggested that IFN-α may play a role in the development of certain autoimmune diseases^7,8 and that treatment with IFN-α is useful for other autoimmune diseases.⁹

The expression of interferons is regulated by a group of interferon regulatory factor proteins (IRF). The expression of the individual IFN-α subtypes is regulated by the cellular levels of IRF3 and IRF7. Most of the IFN-α subtypes require IRF7 for expression. IRF7 is constitutively expressed in some cell types and is inducible in others. Inducible IRF7 expression is induced by IFN-β and IFN-α4 in mice and leads to expression of the other IFN-α subtypes. Murine IFN-β may be required for the production of IFN-α by fibroblasts but may not be required for IFN-α production by other cells.¹⁰ The IRF3/IRF7 signaling cascade is important for the initial and progressive responses to pathogens wherein hundreds of genes are regulated in a coordinated, temporal manner.¹¹

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells are the major producers of IFN-α, but a large variety of cells can also produce lower levels of these proteins.^12,13 The particular subtypes that are expressed appear to be somewhat cell and stimulus specific.^14-16

103 Citations:

1. Xu, J.  et al., (2021), IRF3-binding INcRNA-ISIR strengthens interferon production in viral infection and autoinflammation, Cell Reports, 37(5):109926, DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109926 (link)


2. Zhao, M. et al., (2021), Myeloid neddylation targets IRF7 and promotes host innate immunity against RNA viruses, PLoS Pathogens, 17(9):e1009901, DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009901 (link)


3. Wang YL et al., (2021), Evading immune surveillance via tyrosine phosphorylation of nuclear PCNA, Cell Rep., PMID: 34433039 (link)


4. Hamdan, Thamer, et al. (2020). Map3k14 as a Regulator of Innate and Adaptive Immune Response during Acute Viral Infection. Pathogens, 16 pgs. PMID: 32033109. (link)


5. Abraham, Rachy, et al. (2020). Both ADP-Ribosyl-Binding and Hydrolase Activities of the Alphavirus nsP3 Macrodomain Affect Neurovirulence in Mice. mBio, 21 pgs. PMID: no PMID. (link)


6. Ren, Xiaoming, et al. (2019). RIG-I Recognition of RNA Targets: The Influence of Terminal Base Pair Sequence and Overhangs on Affinity and Signaling. Cell Reports, 13 pgs. PMID: 31851914. (link)


7. Brazee, Patricia, et al. (2019). Linear ubiquitin assembly complex regulates lung epithelial driven responses during influenza infection. JCI, 36 pgs. PMID: 31714898. (link)


8. Liou, An-Ting, et al. (2019). Hypoxia and therapeutic treatment of EV-A71 with an immune modulator TLR7 agonist in a new immunocompetent mouse model. Journal of Biomedical Science, 14 pgs. PMID: 31711481. (link)


9. Mine, Keiichiro, et al. (2019). Impaired upregulation of Stat2 gene restrictive to pancreatic β-cells is responsible for virus-induced diabetes in DBA/2 mice. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 8 pgs. PMID: 31708097.(link)


10. Tegtmeyer, et al. (2019). STING induces early IFN-β in the liver and constrains myeloid cell-mediated dissemination of murine cytomegalovirus. Nature Communications, 12 pgs. PMID: 31249303. (link)


11. Miyauchi, et al. (2019). Effect of inactivated Streptococcus pneumoniae as non-pathogenic particles on the severity of pneumonia caused by respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice. Toxicology Reports, 27 pgs. PMID: 31245279. (link)


12. Misumi, et al. (2019). Identification of a Locus in Mice that Regulates the Collateral Damage and Lethality of Virus Infection. Cell Reports, 16 pgs. PMID: 31042467. (link)


13. Ren, et al. (2019). RIG-I Selectively Discriminates against 5'-Monophosphate RNA. Cell Reports, 14 pgs. PMID: 30784585. (link)


14. Imanishi, Takayuki, et al. (2019). Reciprocal regulation of STING and TCR signaling by mTORC1 for T-cell activation and function. Life Science Alliance, 15 pgs. PMID: 30683688. (link)


15. Lania, Bruno G, et al. (2019). Topical essential fatty acid oil on wounds: Local and systemic effects. PLOS One, 15 pgs. PMID: 30608959. (link)


16. Fujiwara, Seiki, et al. (2019). Pulmonary phagocyte-derived NPY controls the pathology of severe influenza virus infection. Nature Microbiology. PMID: 30455472. (link)


17. Chen, Maosheng, et al. (2019). Mesenchymal Stem Cells Alleviate Moderate-to-Severe Psoriasis by Reducing the Production of Type I Interferon (IFN-I) by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells (pDCs). Stem Cels International, 14 pgs. PMID: no PMID. (link)


18. Straub, Tobias, et al. (2018). Bacterial Coinfection Restrains Antiviral CD8 T-Cell Response via LPS-Induced Inhibitory NK Cells. Nature Communications, 9 pgs. PMID: 30297690. (link)


19. Gonzalez-Quintial, Rosana, et al. (2018). Lupus Acceleration by a MAVS-Activating RNA Virus Requires Endoomal TLR Signaling and Host Genetic Predisposition. PLOS One, 21 pgs. PMID: 30199535. (link)


20. Lin, Yu-Wen, et al. (2018). Flt3 ligand treatment reduces enterovirus A71 lethality in mice with enhanced B cell responses. Nature, 9 pgs. PMID: 30111869. (link)


21. Kimura, Sayaka, et al. (2018). The Essential Role of Double-Stranded RNA-Dependent Antiviral Signaling in the Degradation of Nonself Single-Stranded RNA in Nonimmune Cells. Journal of Immunology. PMID: 29925678. (link)


22. Garcia-Rodriguez, Sonia, et al. (2018). CD38 Promotes Pristane-Induced Chronic Inflammation and Increases Susceptibility to Experimental Lupus by an Apoptosis-Driven and TRPM2-Dependent Mechanism. Scientific Reports, 19 pgs. PMID: 29463868. (link)


23. Resch, Theresa, et al. (2018). Inactivated Rotavirus Vaccine by Parenteral Administration Induces Mucosal Immunity in Mice. Scientific Reports, 11 pgs. PMID: 29330512. (link)


24. Odkhuu, Erdenezaya, et al. (2018). Sendai virus C protein limits NO production in infected RAW264.7 macrophages. Innate Immunity, 9 pgs. PMID: no PMID. (link)


25. Laino, Jonathan, et al. (2017). Targeting of Immune Cells by Dual TLR2/7 Ligands Suppresses Features of Allergic Th2 Immune Responses in Mice. Journal of Immunology Research, 13 pgs. PMID: 29204451. (link)


26. Cheemarla, Nagarjuna, et al. (2017). Human Metapneumovirus Attachment Protein Contributes to Neutrophil Recruitment into the Airways of Infected Mice. Viruses, 9 pgs. PMID: 29065494. (link)


27. Hirche, Christoph, et al. (2017). Systemic Virus Infections Differentially Modlate Cell Cycle State and Functionality of Long-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cells In Vivo. Cell Reports, 13 pgs. PMID: 28614719. (link)


28. Wyatt, Linda, et al. (2017). Novel Nonreplicating Vaccinia Virus Vector Enhances Expression of Heterologous Genes and Suppresses Synthesis of Endogenous Viral Proteins. mBio, 12 pgs. PMID: 28588133. (link)


29. Kallert, Sandra, et al. (2017). Replicating Viral Vector Platform Exploits Alarmin Signals for Potent CD8+ T Cell-Mediated Tumour Immunotherapy. Nature Communications, 13 pgs. PMID: 28548102. (link)


30. Dhondup, Yangchen, et al. (2017). Toll-Like Receptor 9 Promotes Survival in SERCA2a KO Heart Failure Mice. Mediators of Inflammation, 12 pgs. PMID: 28490840. (link)


31. Rossi, Matteo, et al. (2017). Type I Interferons Induced by Endogenous or Exogenous Viral Infections Promote Metastasis and Relapse of Leishmaniasis. PNAS, 13 pgs. PMID: 28439019. (link)


32. Nash, William, et al. (2017). Murine Cytomegalovirus Disrupts Splenic Dendritic Cell Subsets via Type I Interferon-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms. Frontiers in Immunology, 14 pgs. PMID: 28337202. (link)


33. Murakami, Yusuke, et al. (2017). The Protective Effect of the Anti-Toll-Like Receptor 9 Antibody Against Acute Cytokine Storm Caused by Immunostimulatory DNA. Scientific Reports, 13 pgs. PMID: 28266597. (link)


34. Vermillion, Meghan, et al. (2017). Intrauterine Zika Virus Infection of Pregnant Immunocompetent Mice Models Transplacental Transmission and Adverse Perinatal Outcomes. Nature Communications, 14 pgs. PMID: 28220786. (link)


35. Bloodworth, Melissa (2017). Regulation of Immune Responses During Airway Inflammation. Graduate School of Vanderbilt University, 161 pgs. PMID: no PMID. (link)


36. Vasquez, Marcos, et al. (2016). Antitumor Effect of an Adeno-Associated Virus Expressing Apolipoprotein A-1 Fused to Interferon Alpha in an Interferon Alpha-Resistant Murine Tumor Model. Oncotarget, 9 pgs. PMID: 28029653. (link)


37. Simpson, Joanne, et al. (2016). Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Respond Directly to Apoptotic Cells by Secreting Immune Regulatory IL-10 or IFN-Alpha. Frontiers in Immunology, 13 pgs. PMID: 28018356. (link)


38. Dudhgaonkar, Shailesh, et al. (2016). Selective IRAK4 Inhibition Attenuates Disease in Murine Lupus Models and Demonstrates Steroid Sparing Activity. Journal of Immunology, 13 pgs. PMID: 28003376. (link)


39. Fallet, Benedict, et al. (2016). Interferon-Driven Deletion of Antiviral B Cells on the Onset of Chronic Infection. Europe PubMed Central, 23 pgs. PMID: 27872905. (link)


40. Girkin, Jason L, et al (2016). TRAIL signaling is proinflammatory and proviral in a murine model of rhinovirus 1B infection. American Journal of Physiology, 11 pgs. PMID: 27836899. (link)


41. Nanda, Sambit, et al. (2016). Suppression of IRAK1 or IRAK4 Catalytic Activity, but Not Type I IFN Signaling, Prevents Lupus Nephritis in Mice Expressing a Ubiquitin Binding-Defective Mutant of ABIN1. Journal of Immunology, 9 pgs. PMID: 27807192. (link)


42. Spaulding, Emily, et al. (2016). STING-Licensed Macrophages Prime Type I IFN Production by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in the Bone Marrow During Severe Plasmodium yoelii Malaria. PLOS Pathogens, 29 pgs. PMID: 27792766. (link)


43. Xu, Xiang, et al. (2016). Cathepsin L Helps to Defend Mice From Infection with Influenza A. PLOS One, 16 pgs. PMID: 27716790. (link)


44. Malm, Maria, et al. (2016). Rotavirus Recombinant VP6 Nanotubes Act as an Immunomodulator and Delivery Vehicle for Norovirus Virus-Like Particles. Journal of Immunology Research, 13 pgs. PMID: 27689099. (link)


45. Hosking, Martin, et al. (2016). Type I IFN Signaling is Dispensable During Secondary Viral Infection. PLOS Pathogens, 22 pgs. PMID: 27580079. (link)


46. Meliopoulos, Victoria, et al. (2016). An Epithelial Integrin Regulates the Amplitude of Protective Lung Interferon Responses Against Multiple Respiratory Pathogens. PLOS Pathogens, 30 pgs. PMID: 27505057. (link)


47. Di Scala, Marianna, et al. (2016). Complementary Effects of IL-15 and IFN-alpha Induce Immunity in HBV Transgenic Mice. JVI, 44 pgs. PMID: 27440883. (link)


48. Hoang, Hang Thi Thu (2016). Analysis of Host Genetic Factors Influencing Susceptibility to Influenza A Infections Using Knockout Mice. University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 137 pgs. PMID: no PMID. (no link)


49. Broos, Katrijn, et al. (2016). Particle-Mediated Intravenous Delivery of Antigen mRNA Results in Strong Antigen-Specific T-Cell Responses Despite the Induction of Type I Interferon. Molecular Therapy - Nucleic Acids, 11 pgs. PMID: 27327138. (link)


50. Hou, Zhaohua, et al. (2016). Hepatitis B Virus Inhibits Intrinsic TIG-I and RIG-G Immune Signaling via Inducing miR146a. Scientific Reports, 12 pgs. PMID: 27210312. (link)


51. Vitner, Einat, et al. (2016). Induction of the Type I Interferon Response in Neurological Forms of Gaucher Disease. Journal of Neuroinflammation, 15 pgs. PMID: 27175482. (link)


52. Chopin, Michael, et al. (2016). RUNX2 Mediates Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Egress from the Bone Marrow and Controls Viral Immunity. Cell Reports, 19 pgs. PMID: 27149837. (link)


53. Tarashima, Noriko, et al. (2016). Gene Silencing Using 4'-thioDNA as an Artificial Template to Synthesize Short Hairpin RNA Without Inducing a Detectable Innate Immune Response. Molecular Therapy - Nucleic Acids, 9 pgs. PMID: 26730811. (link)


54. Zhao, Di, et al. (2015). WNT5A transforms intestinal CD8αα⁺ IELs into an unconventional phenotype with pro-inflammatory features. BMC, 12 pgs. PMID: 26652024. (link)


55. Fukui, Ryutaro, et al. (2015). Type I IFN Contributes to the Phenotype of Unc93b1D34A/D34A Mice by Regulating TLR7 Expression in B Cells and Dendritic Cells. Journal of Immunology, 13 pgs. PMID: 26621862. (link)


56. Takanashi, Masakatsu, et al. (2015). Novel Types of Small RNA Exhibit Sequence- and Target-Dependent Angiogenesis Suppression Without Activation of Toll-Like Receptor 3 in an Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) Mouse Model. Molecular Therapy - Nucleic Acids, 7 pgs. PMID: 26484944. (link)


57. Kumar, Mukesh, et al. (2015). Induction of Virus-Specific Effector Immune Cell Response Limits Virus Replication and Severe Disease in Mice Infected with Non-Lethal West Nile Virus Eg101 Strain. Journal of Neuroinflammation, 14 pgs. PMID: 26392176. (link)


58. Merches, Katja, et al. (2015). Virus-Induced Type I Interferon Deteriorates Control of Systmeic Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Infection. Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry, 13 pgs. PMID: 26279441. (link)


59. Mandl, Manuela, et al. (2015). Evaluation of the BDCA2-DTR Transgenic Mouse Model in Chronic and Acute Inflammation. PLOS One, 20 pgs. PMID: 26252890. (link)


60. Hatchwell, Luke, et al. (2015). Toll-Like Receptor 7 Governs Interferon and Inflammatory Responses to Rhinovirus and is Suppressed by IL-5-Induced Lung Eosinophilia. Thorax, 9 pgs. PMID: 26108570. (link)


61. Ng, Cherie, et al. (2015). Blockade of Interferon Beta, but Not Interferon Alpha, Signaling Controls Persistent Viral Infection. Cell Host & Microbe, 10 pgs. PMID: 25974304. (link)


62. Sartorius, Rossella, et al. (2015). Antigen Delivery by Filamentous Bacteriophage fd Displaying an Anti-DEC-205 Single-Chain Variable Fragment Confers Adjuvanticity by Triggering a TLR9-Mediated Immune Response. EMBO Molecular Medicine, 17 pgs. PMID: 25888235. (link)


63. Di Scala, Marianna, et al. (2015). Chronic Exposure to IFN-alpha Drives Medullar Lymphopoiesis Towards T Cell Differentiation in Mice. Haematologica, 45 pgs. PMID: 25715405. (link)


64. Chan, Mei P, et al. (2015). DNase II-dependent DNA digestion is required for DNA sensing by TLR9. Nature Communications, 10 pgs. PMID: 25600358. (link)


65. Detje, Claudia, et al. (2015). Upon Intranasal Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Infection, Astrocytes in the Olfactory Bulb Are Important Interferon Beta Producers That Protect from Lethal Encephalitis. JVI, 8 pgs. PMID: 25540366. (link)


66. Damjanovic, Daniela, et al. (2014). Type I Interferon Gene Transfer Enhances Host Defense Against Pulmonary Streptococcus pneumoniae Infection Via Activating Innate Leukocytes. Molecular Therapy - Methods & Clinical Development, 11 pgs. PMID: 26015944. (link)


67. Quinn, Kylie, et al. (2014). Antigen Expression Determines Adenoviral Vaccine Potency Independent of IFN and STING Signaling. JCI, 18 pgs. PMID: 25642773. (link)


68. Goebel, C, et al. (2014). Functional Expression Cloning Identifies COX-2 as a Suppressor of Antigen-Specific Cancer Immunity. Cell Death and Disease, 8 pgs. PMID: 25501829. (link)


69. Israely, Tomer, et al. (2014). TLR3 and TLR9 Agonists Improve Postexposure Vaccination Efficacy of Live Smallpox Vaccines. PLOS One, 17 pgs. PMID: 25350003. (link)


70. Radigan, Kathryn, et al. (2014). Impaired Clearance of Influenza A Virus in Obese, Leptin Receptor Deficient Mice is Independent of Leptin Signaling in the Lung Epithelium and Macrophages. PLOS One, 8 pgs. PMID: 25232724. (link)


71. Desch, Nicole A, et al (2014). Dendritic cell subsets require cis-activation for cytotoxic CD8 T-cell induction. Nature Communications, 12 pgs. PMID: 25135627. (link)


72. Aeffner, Famke, et al. (2014). Activation of A1-adenosine receptors promotes leukocyte recruitment to the lung and attenuates acute lung injury in mice infected with influenza A/WSN/33 (H1N1) virus. JVI, 14 pgs. PMID: 24965449. (link)


73. Dulek, Daniel E, et al (2014). STAT4 deficiency fails to induce lung Th2 or Th17 immunity following primary or secondary respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) challenge but enhances the lung RSV-specific CD8+ T cell immune response to secondary challenge. JVI, 18 pgs. PMID: 24920804. (link)


74. Yamane, Kazuhiko, et al. (2014). Diisopropylamine Dichloroacetate, a Novel Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 4 Inhibitor, as a Potential Therapeutic Agent for Metabolic Disorders and Multiorgan Failure in Severe Influenza. PLOS One, 13 pgs. PMID: 24865588. (link)


75. Bauer, Eileen M, et al. (2014). Recombinant human interferon alpha 2b prevents and reverses experimental pulmonary hypertension. PLOS One, 9 pgs. PMID: 24837600. (link)


76. Esen, Nilufer, et al. (2014). Type-I Interferons Suppress Microglial Production of the Lymphoid Chemokine, CXCL13. GLIA, 11 pgs. PMID: 24829092. (link)


77. Buskiewicz, Iwona, et al. (2014). c-FLIP-Short Reduces Type I Interferon Production and Increases Viremia with Coxsackievirus B3. PLOS One, 13 pgs. PMID: 24816846. (link)


78. Jayaraman, A, et al. (2014). IL-15 complexes induce NK- and T-cell responses independent of type I IFN signaling during rhinovirus infection. Nature, 14 pgs. PMID: 24472849. (link)


79. Khattar, Ramzi, et al. (2013). Targeted Deletion of FGL2 Leads to Increased Early Viral Replication and Enhanced Adaptive Immunity in a Murine Model of Acute Viral Hepatitis Caused by LCMV WE. PLOS One, 11 pgs. PMID: 24146739. (link)


80. Holl, Eda, et al. (2013). Nucleic Acid Scavenging Polymers Inhibit Extracellular DNA-Mediated Innate Immune Activation without Inhibiting Anti-Viral Responses. PLOS One, 10 pgs. PMID: 23936008. (link)


81. Mohanty, Sujit, et al. (2013). Rotavirus Replication in the Cholangiocyte Mediates the Temporal Dependence of Murine Biliary Atresia. PLOS One, 14 pgs. PMID: 23844248. (link)


82. Lee, Myeong Sup, et al. (2013). Negative Regulation of Type I IFN Expression by OASL1 Permits Chronic Viral Infection and CD8+ T-Cell Exhaustion. PLOS Pathogens, 14 pgs. PMID: 23874199. (link)


83. Menasria, Rafik, et al. (2013). Both TRIF and IPS-1 Adaptor Proteins Contribute to the Cerebral Innate Immune Response Against Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Infection. JVI, 9 pgs. PMID: 23596298. (link)


84. Berri, Fatma, et al. (2013). Plasminogen controls inflammation and pathogenesis of influenza virus infections via fibrinolysis. PLOS Pathogens, 12 pgs. PMID: 23555246. (link)


85. Kumar, Mukesh, et al. (2013). Inflammasome Adaptor Protein Apoptosis-Associated Speck-Like Protein Containing CARD (ASC) Is Critical for the Immune Response and Survival in West Nile Virus Encephalitis. JVI, 13 pgs. PMID: 23302887. (link)


86. Sun, Yanxia, et al. (2013). Modulation of dendritic cell function and immune response by cysteine protease inhibitor from murine nematode parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus. British Society for Immunology, 12 pgs. PMID: 23240853. (link)


87. Fioravanti, et al. (2012). The Fusion Protein of IFN-Alpha and Apolipoprotein A-I Crosses the Blood-Brain barrier by a Saturable Transport Mechanism. Journal of Immunology, 4 pgs. PMID: 22422884. (link)


88. Doering, Yvonne, et al. (2012). Auto-antigenic protein-DNA complexes stimulate plasmacytoid dendritic cells to promote atherosclerosis. Circulation, 11 pgs. PMID: 22388324. (link)


89. Guo, et al. (2012). Systemic Delivery of Therapeutic Small Interfering RNA Using a pH-Triggered Amphiphilic Poly-L-Lysine Nanocarrier to Suppress Prostate Cancer Growth in Mice. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 11 pgs. PMID: 22186295. (link)


90. Khairuddin, et al. (2012). siRNA-Induced Immunostimulation Through TLR7 Promotes Antitumoral Activity Against HPV-Driven Tumors In Vivo. Immunology and Cell Biology, 9 pgs. PMID: 21423261. (link)


91. Bondue, Benjamin, et al. (2011). ChemR23 dampens lung inflammation and enhances anti-viral immunity in a mouse model of acute viral pneumonia. PLOS Pathogens, 17 pgs. PMID: 22072972. (link)


92. Solodova, Evgenia, et al. (2011). Production of IFN-Beta During Listeria monocytogenes Infection is Restricted to Monocyte/Macrophage Lineage. PLOS One, 10 pgs. PMID: 21494554. (link)


93. Teijaro, John, et al. (2011). Endothelial Cells are Central Orchestrators of Cytokine Amplification During Influenza Virus Infection. CellPress, 32 pgs. PMID: 21925319. (link)


94. Walsh, Kevin B, et al. (2011). Suppression of cytokine storm with a sphingosine analog provides protection against pathogenic influenza virus. PNAS, 6 pgs. PMID: 21715659. (link)


95. Tian, Lichun, et al. (2011). AAV2-Mediated Subretinal Gene Transfer of hIFN-α Attenuates Experimental Autoimmune Uveoretinitis in Mice. PLOS One, 8 pgs. PMID: 21611186. (link)


96. Vultaggio, Alessandra, et al. (2011). The TLR7 ligand 9-benzyl-2-butoxy-8-hydroxy adenine inhibits IL-17 response by eliciting IL-10 and IL-10-inducing cytokines. Journal of Immunology, 10 pgs. PMID: 21389257. (link)


97. Burnette, et al. (2011). The Efficacy of Radiotherapy Relies Upon Induction of Type I Interferon-Dependent Innate and Adaptive Immunity. Cancer Research, 8 pgs. PMID: 21300764. (link)


98. Leung, et al. (2011). Ebolavirus VP35 Suppresses IFN Production from Conventional but Not Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells. Immunology and Cell Biology, 10 pgs. PMID: 21263462. (link)


99. Bente, Dennis, et al. (2010). Pathogenesis and Immune Response of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in a STAT-1 Knockout Mouse Model. JVI, 12 pgs. PMID: 20739514. (link)


100. Guerra, Susana, et al. (2010). Selective induction of host genes by MVA-B, a candidate vaccine against HIV/AIDS. JVI, 12 pgs. PMID: 20534857. (link)


101. Schilte, Clementine, et al. (2010). Type I IFN controls chikungunya virus via its action on nonhematopoietic cells. JEM, 14 pgs. PMID: 20123960. (link)


102. Qin, Lizeng, et al. (2007). Effects of Type I Interferons on the Adjuvant Properties of Plasmid Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor In Vivo. JVI, 8 pgs. PMID: 17652387. (link)


103. Herbst-Kralovetz, Melissa, et al. (2006). Quantification of Poly(I:C)-Mediated Protection against Genital Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infection. JVI, 10 pgs. PMID: 17005677. (link)

References:

1. Krause CD, Pestka S. (2005); “Evolution of the Class 2 cytokines and receptors, and discovery of new friends and relatives” in Pharmacol Ther. Vol. 106; Issue 3; 299-346.


2. Chevaliez, S, Pawlotsky, JM (2009); “Interferons and their use in persistent viral Infections”; in Handbook of Exp Pharmacol; Vol .189; 203-41.


3. Antonelli, G. (2008); “Biological basis for a proper clinical application of alpha interferons”; in New Microbiologica.; Vol. 31; Issue 3; 305-318.


4. Ascierto, PA, Kirkwood, JM (2008); “Adjuvant therapy of melanoma with interferon: lessons of the past decade”; in Journal of Transl Med; Vol. 27; 60:62.


5. Ferrantini, M, Capone, I, Belardelli, F (2007) “Interferonalpha and cancer: mechanisms of action and new perspectives of clinical use” in Biochimie.; Vol. 89; Issues 6 and 7; 884-893.


6. Fleischmann, WR Jr, Wu, TG (2005); “Development of an interferon-based cancer vaccine protocol: application to several types of murine cancers”; in Methods Mol Med.; Vol. 116; 151-66.


7. Meyer, O (2009); “Interferons and autoimmune disorders” in Joint Bone Spine. Vol. 76; Issue 5; 464-73.


8. Burdick, LM, Somani, N, Somani, AK (2009); “Type I IFNs and their role in the development of autoimmune diseases”; in Expert Opinion Drug Safety; Vol. 8; Issue 4; 459-72.


9. Kötter, I, Hamuryudan, V, Oztürk ,ZE, Yazici, H (Jan 7, 2010); “Interferon therapy in rheumatic diseases: state-of-theart”; in Current Opinion Rheumatology.


10. Erlandsson, L, Blumenthal, R, Eloranta, ML, Engel, H, Alm, G, Weiss, S, Leanderson, T (1998); “Interferon-beta is required for interferon-alpha production in mouse fibroblasts”; in Curr Biol.; Vol. 8; Issue 4;223-226.


11. Taniguchi T, Takaoka A (2002); “The interferon-alpha/beta system in antiviral responses: a multimodal machinery of gene regulation by the IRF family of transcription factors”; in Current Opinions in Immunology; Vol. 14; Issue 1; 111-116.


12. Jegalian AG, Facchetti F, Jaffe ES (2009); “Plasmacytoid dendritic cells: physiologic roles and pathologic states”; in Advances in Anat Pathol; Vol.16; Issue 6; 392-404.


13. Fitzgerald-Bocarsly P, Dai J, Singh S (2008); "Plasmacytoid dendritic cells and type I IFN: 50 years of convergent history”; in Cytokine Growth Factor Rev; Vol. 19; Issue 1; 3-19.


14. Li L, Sherry B (2010); “IFN-alpha expression and antiviral effects are subtype and cell type specific in the cardiac response to viral infection”; in Virology; Vol. 396; Issue 1; 59- 68.


15. Baig E, Fish EN (2008); “Distinct signature type I interferon responses are determined by the infecting virus and the target cell”; in Antivir Ther.; Vol. 13; Issue 3; 409-22.


16. Delhaye S, Paul S, Blakqori G, Minet M, Weber F, Staeheli P, Michiels T (2006); “Neurons produce type I interferon during viral encephalitis”; in Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.; Vol. 103; Issue 20; 7835-7840.


17. Staehelin, T., Stähli, C., Hobbs, D.S., and Pestka, S. (1981) "A Rapid Quantitative Assay of High Sensitivity for Human Leukocyte Interferon with Monoclonal Antibodies," in Methods in Enzymology, Vol. 79 (S. Pestka, ed.), Academic Press, New York, 589-595.


18. Kelder, B., Rashidbaigi, A., and Pestka, S. (1986) "A Sandwich Radioimmunoassay for Human IFN‑γ gamma," Methods in Enzymology, Vol. 119 (S. Pestka, ed.), Academic Press, New York, 582-587.


19. Mouse IFN-α international reference standard provided by the NIH, reference no. Gxa02-901-511. Pestka, S. (1986) "Interferon Standards and General Abbreviations," Methods in Enzymology, Vol. 119 (S. Pestka, ed.), Academic Press, New York, 14-23.