The VeriKine-HS Human IFN-Beta Serum ELISA Kit is developed to measure low or basal levels of Human IFN-Beta in autoimmune sera, normal sera/plasma, or tissue culture media (TCM) samples by sandwich ELISA. The LLOQ of this kit is 1.2 pg/ml. Basal levels of Type I IFNs, including IFN-Beta, are not fully understood. They are believed to be important for robust response to pathogens and may play additional roles in cellular homeostasis.

This assay is suitable for the measurement of trademarked therapeutic molecules in human serum samples. Researchers and clinical investigators examining a) the pharmacokinetics of IFN-Beta molecules, b) IFN-Beta as a biomarker, or c) IFN-Beta as a pharmacodynamic marker of TLR agent or other immune response modifier activity will find this immunoassay to be an essential laboratory tool.

*For a TCM-compatible ELISA, we recommend our Human IFN-Beta ELISA Kit, High Sensitivity (Cat. No. 41435-1).

Materials Provided

• Pre-coated microtiter plate
• Plate Sealers
• Wash Solution Concentrate
• Human Interferon Beta 1a Standard, 100,000 pg/ml
• Standard Diluent
• Sample Buffer
• Antibody Concentrate
• HRP Conjugate Concentrate
• Diluent Additive III (for use in Protocol A)
• Assay Diluent
• TMB Substrate
• Stop Solution

Additional Materials Required (Not Provided)

• Microplate reader capable of reading an OD at a wavelength of 450 nm
• Variable volume microtiter pipettes
• Adjustable multichannel pipette (50-300 μl)
• Reagent reservoirs
• Wash bottle or plate washing system
• Distilled or deionized water
• Serological pipettes (1, 5, 10 or 25 ml)
• Disposable pipette tips (polypropylene)
• Plate shaker

Background

Interferon beta (IFN-Beta, IFNb) is part of the first wave of cytokine response in cells. Pathogen infection can result in the activation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) which functions in trans to activate IFN-Beta gene transcription. IFN-Beta is biologically unique when compared to other interferons and studies have shown that IFN-Beta has overlapping and distinct gene expression patterns as compared to IFN-Alpha. It appears that IFN-Beta binds to the Type I IFN receptor with higher affinity than the other Type I IFNs and it may also regulate receptor internalization in a different manner. Additionally, IFN-Beta has long been known to inhibit viral replication as part of the body’s innate antiviral response and is used as a therapeutic for the treatment of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and some tumors.

Posters

1. Performance Characterization Of A High Sensitivity Human Interferon Beta ELISA Kit In Healthy Serum, Patient Serum And Plasma Samples (link)


2. Validation of a Highly Sensitive Immunoassay for the Quantitation of Interferon Beta in Autoimmune Sera (link)


3. Optimization and Validation of an ELISA kit for the Quantification of Four Interferon-Beta (IFN-β) Marketed Compounds in Human Serum (link)

49 Citations

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2. Nagaoka, N., et al., (2022), "Effect of Casirivimab/Imdevimab Treatment on Serum Type I Interferon Levels in SARS-CoV-2 Infection", Viruses, 14(7):1399, DOI: 10.3390/v14071399 (link)


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4. Steiner, A. et al., (2022), Deficiency in coatomer complex I causes aberrant activation of STING signalling, Nature Communications, 13:2321, PMID: 35484149, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29946-6 (link)


5. Akoi, Y. et al., (2022), Evaluation of the Relationships between Intestinal Regional Lymph Nodes and Immune Responses in Viral Infections in Children, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23:318, DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010318 (link)


6. Jablonska, A., et al.,  (2021), The TLR9 2848C/T Polymorphism Is Associated with the CMV DNAemia among HIV/CMV Co-Infected Patients, Cells, 10:2360, DOI: 10.3390/cells10092360, (link)


7. Dorgham, et al. (2021). Considering Personalized Interferon Beta Therapy for COVID-19. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 3 pgs. PMID: 21321205. (link)


8. Contoli, M. et al., (2021), Bllod Interferon-a Levels and Severity, Outcomes, and Inflammatory Profiles in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients, Front. Immunol., PMID: 33767713, DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.648004 (link)


9. Terajima, H et al., (2021), N6-methyladenosine promotes induction of ADAR1-mediated A-to-I RNA editing to supress aberrant antiviral innate immune response, PLoS Biol., 19(7):e3001292, PMID:34324489 (link)


10. Blanco-Melo, D. et al., (2020), Imbalanced Host Response to SARS-CoV-2 Drives Development of COVID-19, Cell, 181(5):1036, PMID: 32416070, DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.026 (link)


11. Dubey, et al. (2020). Specific protein-protein interactions limit the cutaneous iontophoretic transport of interferon beta-1B and a poly-ARG interferon beta-1B analogue. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 6 pgs. PMID: no PMID. (link)


12. Newling, et al. (2019). Dysregulated Fcγ receptor IIa-induced cytokine production in dendritic cells of lupus nephritis patients. Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 11 pgs. PMID: 31509231. link)


13. Skjeflo, et al. (2019). Phagocytosis of live and dead Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in human whole blood is markedly reduced by combined inhibition of C5aR1 and CD14. Molecular Immunology, 9 pgs. PMID: 31102985. (link)


14. Dubois, et al. (2019). The Nonstructural NS1 Protein of Influenza Viruses Modulates TP53 Splicing through Host Factor CPSF4. JVI, 35 pgs. PMID: 30651364. (link)


15. Gannon, et al. (2018). Identification of ADAR1 adenosine deaminase dependency in a subset of cancer cells. Nature Communications, 10 pgs. PMID: 30575730. (link)


16. Colavita, Francesca, et al. (2018). Overproduction of IL-6 and Type-I IFN in a Lethal Case of Chikungunya Virus Infection in an Elderly Man During the 2017 Italian Outbreak. Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 21 pgs. PMID: 30539034. (link)


17. Merindol, Natacha, et al. (2018). HIV-1 Capsids from B27/B57+ Elite Controllers Escape Mx2 but are Targeted by TRIM5-alpha, Leading to the Induction of an Antiviral State. PLOS Pathogens, 22 pgs. PMID: 30419009. (link)


18. Zhang, Guoliang, et al. (2018). A proline deletion in IFNAR1 impairs IFN-signaling and underlies increased resistance to tuberculosis in humans. Nature Communications, 9 pgs. PMID: 29311663. (link)


19. Ager, Casey (2018). Intratumoral STING Activation Sensitizes Poorly Immunogenic Cancers to Checkpoint Blockade Immunotherapy. University of Texas, 229 pgs. PMID: no PMID. (link)


20. Ehrnstroem, Birgitta, et al. (2017). Toll-Like Receptor 8 Is a Major Sensor of Group B Streptococcus But Not Escherichia coli in Human Primary Monocytes and Macrophages. Frontiers in Immunology, 14 pgs. PMID: 29042860. (link)


21. Kondoh, Tatsunari, et al. (2017). Putative endogenous filovirus VP35-like protein potentially functions as an IFN antagonist but not a polymerase cofactor. PLOS One, 17 pgs. PMID: 29040311. (link)


22. Brown, Michael, et al. (2017). Cancer Immunotherapy with Recombinant Poliovirus Induces IFN-Dominant Activation of Dendritic Cells and Tumor Antigen-Specific CTLs. Sci Transl Med, 31 pgs. PMID: 28931654. (link)


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25. Gusella, Luca, et al. (2016). Prothymosin-α Variants Elicit Anti-HIV-1 Response via TLR4 Dependent and Independent Pathways. PLOS One, 17 pgs. PMID: 27310139. (link)


26. GuhaSarkar, Dwijit, et al. (2016). Systemic AAV9-IFNβ gene delivery treats highly invasive glioblastoma. Neuro-Oncology, 11 pgs. PMID: 27194146. (link)


27. Vanheule, Vincent, et al. (2016). Basic chemokine-derived glycosaminoglycan binding peptides exert antiviral properties against dengue virus serotype 2, herpes simplex virus-1 and respiratory syncytial virus. Biochemical Pharmacology, pgs. PMID: 26551597. (link)


28. Chiappinelli, Katherine, et al. (2015). Inhibiting DNA methylation causes an interferon response in cancer via dsRNA including endogenous retroviruses. CellPress, 23 pgs. PMID: 26317466. (link)


29. Dauletbaev, Nurlan, et al. (2015). Stimulation of the RIG-I/MAVS Pathway by Polyinosinic:Polycytidylic Acid Upregulates IFN-β in Airway Epithelial Cells with Minimal Costimulation of IL-8. Journal of Immunology, 14 pgs. PMID: 26283481. (link)


30. Spengler, Jessica, et al. (2015). RIG-I Mediates an Antiviral Response to Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus. JVI, 11 pgs. PMID: 26223644. (link)


31. Eigenbrod, Tatjana, et al. (2015). TLR8 Senses Bacterial RNA in Human Monocytes and Plays a Nonredundant Role for Recognition of Streptococcus pyogenes. Journal of Immunology, 9 pgs. PMID: 26101323. (link)


32. Bergstrom, Bjarte, et al. (2015). TLR8 Senses Staphylococcus aureus RNA in Human Primary Monocytes and Macrophages and Induces IFN-β Production via a TAK1-IKKβ-IRF5 Signaling Pathway. Journal of Immunology, 13 pgs. PMID: 26085680. (link)


33. Olaisen, Camilla, et al. (2015). PCNA-interacting peptides reduce Akt phosphorylation and TLR-mediated cytokine secretion suggesting a role of PCNA in cellular signaling. Cellular Signaling, 10 pgs. PMID: 25797046. (link)


34. White, Michael, et al. (2014). Apoptotic Caspases Suppress mtDNA-Induced STING-Mediated Type I IFN Production. CellPress, 27 pgs. PMID: 25525874. (link)


35. Wolferstaetter, Michael, et al. (2014). Recombinant Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Generating Excess Early Double-Stranded RNA Transiently Activates Protein Kinase R and Triggers Enhanced Innate Immune Responses. JVI, 16 pgs. PMID: 25297997. (link)


36. Asgari, et al. (2013). Clinical Study: Interferon Alpha Association with Neuromyelitis Optica. Clinical and Developmental Immunology, 7 pgs. PMID: 24348680. (link)


37. Nakayama, Masanori, et al. (2013). IL-32-PAR2 axis is an innate immunity sensor providing alternative signaling for LPS-TRIF axis. Scientific Reports, 10 pgs. PMID: 24129891. (link)


38. Lee, et al. (2013). xSite-Specific PEGylation Enhances the Pharmacokinetic Properties and Antitumor Activity of Interferon Beta-1b. Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research, pgs. PMID: 23962003. (link)


39. Kuri, et al. (2013). Influenza A Virus-Mediated Priming Enhances Cytokine Secretion by Human Dendritic Cells Infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae. Cellular Microbiology, 16 pgs. PMID: 23421931. (link)


40. Weix, et al. (2013). The Physiologic Increase in Expression of Some Type I IFN-Inducible Genes During Pregnancy is Not Associated with Improved Disease Activity in Pregnant Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Translational Research. PMID: no PMID. (link)


41. Wang, et al. (2012). Application of Secretary Luciferase Labeled Orthotopic Transplant Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma to Evaluate Tumor Response to Interferon-beta Gene Therapy. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao. PMID: 23311138. (link)


42. Tian, Ren-Rong, et al. (2012). IFN-lambda Inhibits HIV-1 Integration and Post-Transcriptional Events In Vitro, but there is Only Limited In Vivo Repression of Viral Production. Antiviral Research. PMID: 22584351. (link)


43. Chiappinelli, et al. (2012). Reduced DICER1 Elicits an Interferon Response in Endometrial Cancer Cells. Molecular Cancer Research, 11 pgs. PMID: 22252463. (link)


44. Tarassishin, et al. (2012). Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 Inhibits Astrocyte Inflammatory Gene Expression Through Suppression of the Proinflammatory miR-155 and miR-155*. GLIA. PMID: 22170100. (link)


45. Sherwood, et al. (2012). Interferon Treatment Suppresses Enteric Adenovirus Infection in a Model Gastrointestinal Cell-Culture System. Journal of General Virology. PMID: 22158877. (link)


46. Tarassishin, et al. (2011). Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 Plays an Anti-Inflammatory Role in Microglia by Activating the PI3K/Akt Pathway. Journal of Neuroinflammation. PMID: 22208359. (link)


47. Bauler, et al. (2011). IFN-beta Mediates Suppression of IL-12p40 in Human Dendritic Cells Following Infection with Virulent Francisella tularensis. Journal of Immunology, 12 pgs. PMID: 21753150. (link)


48. Muto, et al. (2011). Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E5 Protein Induces Expression of Beta Interferon Through Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 in Human Keratinocytes. JVI, 11 pgs. PMID: 21389130. (link)


49. Cervantes, et al. (2011). Phagosomal Signaling by Borrelia burgdorferi in Human Monocytes Involves Toll-like Receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR8 Cooperativity and TLR8-Mediated Induction of IFN-beta. PNAS, 6 pgs. PMID: 21321205. (link)


50.  

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